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Senin, 20 Oktober 2008

Hulk

Hulk (komik)

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This article is about the comic book character and series. Artikel ini adalah tentang karakter dan buku komik seri. For all other media appearances, see Hulk in other media . Untuk semua media lain penampilan, melihat Hulk di media lain. For the 2008 film, see The Incredible Hulk (film) . 2008 untuk film, melihat Hulk yang akan (film).
The Hulk The Hulk

Variant cover art for The Incredible Hulk vol. Varian untuk menutupi seni yang Pengen Hulk vol. 3, #92 (April 2006) 3, # 92 (April 2006)
by Bryan Hitch . oleh Bryan Hitch.
Publication information Publikasi informasi
Publisher Penerbit Marvel Comics Kagumi Komik
First appearance Penampilan pertama The Incredible Hulk #1 (May 1962) Yang Pengen Hulk # 1 (Mei 1962)
Created by Dibuat oleh Stan Lee Stan Lee
Jack Kirby Jack Kirby
In-story information Dalam cerita-informasi
Alter ego Alter ego Robert Bruce Banner Robert Bruce banner
Team affiliations Tim afiliasi Warbound Warbound
Avengers Avengers
Defenders Pembela
Pantheon Panteon
Hulkbusters (Banner) Hulkbusters (Spanduk)
Notable aliases Terkemuka alias Joe Fixit, The Green Scar, War Joe Fixit, hijau parut, perang
Abilities Kemampuan Superhuman strength, stamina, and durability Luar biasa kekuatan, keuletan, dan daya tahan
Regenerative healing factor Yg membarui penyembuhan faktor
Genius level intellect in certain incarnations Genius tingkat kecerdasan tertentu dalam inkarnasi

The Hulk (often called "The Incredible Hulk") is a fictional character , a protagonist that appears in comic books published by Marvel Comics . The Hulk (sering disebut "The Pengen Hulk") adalah karakter fiksi, creative yang muncul di komik buku yang diterbitkan oleh Kagumi Komik. Created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby , the character first appeared in The Incredible Hulk #1 in May 1962. Dibuat oleh Stan Lee dan Jack Kirby, karakter pertama yang akan muncul di Hulk # 1 pada Mei 1962. As one of the most prolific and longstanding personas for the company, Wizard magazine named the Hulk Marvel Comics' 7th "Greatest Character of All Time" in 2008. [1] Sebagai salah satu yang paling produktif dan berlangsung lama personas untuk perusahaan, majalah Wizard yang bernama Hulk Kagumi Komik '7 "Besar dari karakter Semua Waktu" pada 2008. [1]

The Hulk is cast as an emotional and impulsive alter ego of the withdrawn and reserved physicist Dr. Hulk yang dilemparkan adalah sebagai emosional dan impulsif merubah ego yang ditarik dan reserved fisika Dr Bruce Banner . Bruce Banner. The Hulk appears shortly after Banner was accidentally exposed to the blast of a test detonation of a gamma bomb he invented. Hulk yang muncul segera setelah Spanduk sengaja telah terpapar dari tempat letupan tes peledakan dari gamma bom dia jadian. Subsequently, Banner will often involuntarily transform into the Hulk, depicted as a giant, raging monster, leading to extreme complications in Banner's life. Setelah itu, akan sering Spanduk involuntarily mentransformasi ke Hulk, digambarkan sebagai raksasa, raksasa hebat, yang mengarah ke ekstrim komplikasi di Spanduk hidup. In Hulk: The Incredible Guide , Stan Lee revealed that the Hulk was a combination of Dr. Dalam Hulk: The Pengen Panduan, Stan Lee mengungkapkan bahwa ini Hulk kombinasi Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and Frankenstein . Jekyll dan Mr Hyde dan Frankenstein.

While the coloration of the character's skin varies during the course of its publication history, the Hulk is most often depicted as green. Sedangkan pewarnaan dari karakter kulit bervariasi selama latihan dari publikasi sejarah, Hulk adalah yang paling sering digambarkan sebagai hijau. As the Hulk, Banner is capable of immense feats of strength, which increases with his feelings of rage and anger. Sebagai Hulk, Spanduk adalah mampu feats luas dari kekuatan, yang meningkat dengan perasaan marah dan mengamuk. Anger is a common trigger of Banner's transformation. Marah adalah umum dari Spanduk memicu perubahan. A common storyline is the pursuit of both Banner and the Hulk by the police or the armed forces, due to the destruction he causes. Umum storyline adalah jalur kedua Spanduk dan Hulk oleh polisi atau angkatan bersenjata, karena ia menyebabkan kerusakan.

The Hulk character has since been depicted in various other media , most notably by Lou Ferrigno as the Hulk in a television series and six television movies, by CGI in Hulk (2003), and in The Incredible Hulk (2008), as well as in three animated series and various video games. Hulk karakter yang telah digambarkan di berbagai media lain, terutama oleh Lou Ferrigno sebagai Hulk dalam serial televisi dan enam film televisi, dengan CGI di Hulk (2003), dan di Pengen Hulk (2008), serta di tiga seri animasi dan berbagai permainan video.

Contents Isi

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[ edit ] Publication history [Edit] Publikasi sejarah

[ edit ] Debut and first series [Sunting] Debut pertama dan seri

Yang Pengen Hulk # 1 (Mei 1962). Cover art oleh Jack Kirby dan Paulus Reinman.
The Incredible Hulk #1 (May 1962). Yang Pengen Hulk # 1 (Mei 1962). Cover art by Jack Kirby and Paul Reinman . Cover art oleh Jack Kirby dan Paulus Reinman.

The Hulk debuted in The Incredible Hulk #1 (May 1962), by writer Stan Lee , penciller and co-plotter Jack Kirby , and inker Paul Reinman. The Hulk debuted in Pengen Hulk # 1 (Mei 1962), oleh penulis Stan Lee, penciller dan co-anggota komplotan Jack Kirby, dan inker Paulus Reinman. In the first issue, the Hulk was grey. Pada edisi perdana, yang telah Hulk abu-abu. Writer and Marvel editor-in-chief Lee had wanted a color that did not suggest any particular ethnic group. [2] Colorist Stan Goldberg , however, had problems with the grey coloring, resulting in different shades of grey, and even green, in the issue. Penulis dan Kagumi editor-in-chief Lee telah menginginkan warna yang tidak menyarankan setiap kelompok etnis tertentu. [2] Colorist Stan Goldberg, Namun, pernah mengalami masalah dengan warna abu-abu, sehingga berbeda dari baca abu-abu, dan bahkan hijau, di masalah. Stan Lee picked the uncommon color, green. Stan Lee memilih warna yang tidak biasa, hijau. From issue #2 (July 1962) on, Goldberg colored the big brute's skin green. [3] Green was used in retellings of the origin, even to the point of reprints of the original story being re-colored, for the next two decades. Dari isu # 2 (Juli 1962) pada, Goldberg besar berwarna kulit hewan yang hijau. [3] Hijau digunakan dalam retellings akan keaslian, bahkan ke sudut reprints dari cerita asli yang berwarna-ulang, untuk selanjutnya dua dekade . The Incredible Hulk vol. Hulk yang akan vol. 2, #302 (Dec. 1984), reintroduced the grey Hulk in flashbacks set close to the origin story. 2, 302 # (Desember 1984), yang abu-abu reintroduced Hulk dalam menetapkan flashbacks dekat dengan asal cerita. This was reaffirmed in vol. Hal ini kembali pada vol. 2, #318 (April 1986), which showed the Hulk was grey at the time of his creation. 2, 318 # (April 1986), yang menunjukkan Hulk adalah abu-abu pada saat itu penciptaan. Since then, reprints of the first issue have displayed the original grey coloring. Sejak itu, reprints dari masalah pertama telah ditampilkan asli warna abu-abu.

The original series was canceled after six issues, with the finale cover-dated March 1963. Asli seri dibatalkan setelah enam masalah, dengan penutup-penutup tanggal Maret 1963. Lee had written each story, with Kirby penciling the first five issues and Steve Ditko penciling and inking the sixth. Lee telah ditulis setiap cerita, dengan Kirby penciling pertama lima isu-isu dan Steve Ditko penciling dan inking yang keenam. The character immediately guest-starred in Fantastic Four #12 (March 1963), and months later became a founding member of the Avengers appearing in just the first two issues of that superhero team's eponymous series (Sept. & Nov. 1963), and returning as an antagonist in issues #3 and #5 (Jan. & May 1964). Karakter segera-bintang tamu di Fantastic Four # 12 (Maret 1963), dan bulan kemudian menjadi anggota dari Avengers muncul hanya dalam dua masalah pertama dari tim yang profesional eponymous seri (Nov. & September 1963), dan kembali sebagai antagonist dalam isu # 3 dan # 5 (Jan. & Mei 1964). He then guest-starred in The Amazing Spider-Man #14 (July 1964). Dia kemudian tamu-bintang di The Amazing Spider-Man # 14 (Juli 1964).

Around this time, co-creator Jack Kirby received a letter from a college dormitory stating the Hulk had been chosen as its official mascot. [4] Kirby and Lee realized their character had found an audience in college-age readers. Sekitar waktu ini, bersama-pencipta Jack Kirby menerima surat dari asrama kampus yang menyatakan Hulk telah dipilih sebagai jimat resmi. [4] Kirby Lee dan realisasi karakter mereka telah menemukan pemirsa di kampus-umur pembaca.

[ edit ] Tales to Astonish [Edit] Tales untuk mencengangkan

Tales untuk mencengangkan # 60 (Oktober 1964). Cover art oleh Jack Kirby dan Sol Brodsky.
Tales to Astonish #60 (Oct. 1964). Tales untuk mencengangkan # 60 (Oktober 1964). Cover art by Jack Kirby and Sol Brodsky . Cover art oleh Jack Kirby dan Sol Brodsky.

A year and a half after the series was canceled, the Hulk became the backup feature in Tales to Astonish in issue #60 (Oct. 1964). Setahun dan setengah setelah seri dibatalkan, yang menjadi cadangan Hulk fitur di Tales mencengangkan ke dalam isu # 60 (Oktober 1964). In the previous issue, he appeared as the antagonist for Giant-Man , star of the book. Dalam isu sebelumnya, dia muncul sebagai antagonist untuk Giant-Man, bintang dari buku. These new stories were initially scripted by Lee and illustrated by the team of penciller Steve Ditko and inker George Roussos . Ini baru cerita yang awalnya scripted oleh Lee dan digambarkan oleh tim penciller Steve Ditko dan inker George Roussos. Other artists later in this run included Jack Kirby from #68-84 (June 1965 - Oct. 1966), doing full pencils or, more often, layouts for other artists; Gil Kane , credited as "Scott Edwards", in #76 (Feb. 1966); Bill Everett (inking Kirby in #78-84, April-Oct. 1966); and John Buscema . Marie Severin finished out the Hulk’s run in Tales to Astonish ; beginning with issue #102 (Apr. 1968) the book was retitled The Incredible Hulk , and ran until March 1999, when Marvel canceled the series, and then restarted the title with a new issue #1. Artis lain di lain waktu ini berjalan termasuk Jack Kirby dari # 68-84 (Juni 1965 - Oktober 1966), atau melakukan penuh pencils, lebih sering, tata letak untuk artis lain; Gil Kane, dikreditkan sebagai "Scott Edwards", di # 76 ( Feb. 1966); Bill Everett (inking Kirby di # 78-84, April-Oktober. 1966); dan John Buscema. Marie Severin selesai di Hulk's Tales untuk berjalan di mencengangkan; diawali dengan isu # 102 (Apr. 1968 ) Adalah buku yang akan retitled Hulk, dan berjalan sampai Maret 1999, ketika Kagumi seri yang dibatalkan, dan kemudian ulang dengan judul baru isu # 1.

This run of stories introduced readers to recurring villains such as the Leader . [5] and the Abomination , another gamma-irradiated being, but stronger than the Hulk; they would become the Hulk's arch-nemeses [5] . Berjalan dari cerita ini diperkenalkan ke pembaca berulang villains seperti Ketua. [5] dan jijik thd, lain-gamma irradiated ini, tetapi lebih kuat dari Hulk; mereka akan menjadi Hulk's arch-nemeses [5]. In issue #77 (March 1966), the Hulk's identity became publicly known. Dalam isu # 77 (Maret 1966), yang menjadi identitas Hulk diketahui publik.

[ edit ] 1970s [Edit] 1970-an

The Incredible Hulk was published through the 1970s and also made guest appearances in other titles. Hulk yang akan diterbitkan melalui tahun 1970-an dan penampilan tamu juga dibuat di lain judul. Writers introduced Banner’s cousin Jennifer Walters, the She-Hulk , who was featured in a title of her own. Penulis diperkenalkan Banner's Jennifer sepupu Walters, yang Dia-Hulk, yang ditampilkan dalam judul sendiri. Banner gave some of his blood to Walters in a transfusion, and the gamma radiation affected her, but she maintained most of her intellect. Spanduk memberikan beberapa darahnya untuk Walters dalam transfusi, dan radiasi gamma terpengaruh dia, tetapi dia dipelihara kebanyakan dia akal. Banner’s guilt about causing her change became another part of his character. Spanduk's bersalah menyebabkan dia tentang perubahan lain menjadi bagian dari kita.

Writers changed numerous times during the decade. Penulis kali banyak berubah selama sepuluh tahun. At times, the creative staff included Archie Goodwin , Chris Claremont , and Tony Isabella , Len Wein handled many of the stories through the 1970s, working first with Herb Trimpe , then in 1975, with Sal Buscema , who was the regular artist for 10 years. Harlan Ellison plotted a story, scripted by Roy Thomas , for issue #140 (Jun 1971), "The Brute that Shouted Love at the Heart of the Atom". Pada saat ini, termasuk staf kreatif Archie Goodwin, Chris Claremont, dan Tony Isabella, Len Wein ditangani banyak dari cerita melalui tahun 1970-an, pertama bekerja dengan ramuan Trimpe, maka pada tahun 1975, dengan Sal Buscema, yang biasa artis selama 10 tahun . Harlan Ellison plotted cerita, scripted oleh Roy Thomas, untuk masalah # 140 (Jun 1971), "The Love kekejaman yang lama yang di Jantung dari Atom".

In 1977, Marvel (under its Curtis Magazines imprint) launched a second title, The Rampaging Hulk , a black-and-white comics magazine. [5] The Hulk stories here were editorially stated to be set between the end of his original, short-lived solo title and the beginning of his feature in Tales to Astonish . [6] After nine issues, the magazine was retitled The Hulk! and printed in full color. Pada 1977, Kagumi (di bawah Curtis Majalah cetak) meluncurkan judul kedua, yang Rampaging Hulk, hitam-putih-komik dan majalah. [5] The Hulk cerita di sini adalah untuk menyatakan editorially ditetapkan antara akhir itu asli, pendek tinggal solo-judul dan awal dari fitur dalam Tales untuk mencengangkan. [6] Setelah sembilan masalah, majalah yang telah retitled Hulk! dicetak dan penuh warna. Near the end of the magazine's run, it went back to black-and-white. [7] Back-up features included Bloodstone during the Rampaging Hulk issues, and later Moon Knight and Dominic Fortune . Hampir akhir majalah ini berjalan, ia pergi ke belakang dan hitam-putih. [7] Kembali ke atas fitur-termasuk Bloodstone selama Rampaging Hulk masalah, dan kemudian Moon Knight dan Dominic Fortune.

[ edit ] 1980s and 1990s [Edit] 1980-an dan 1990-an

Following Roger Stern , Bill Mantlo took over the writing with issue #245 (March 1980). Berikut Roger Stern, Bill Mantlo mengambil alih menulis dengan isu # 245 (Maret 1980). His Crossroads of Eternity stories, which ran from issue #300 (Oct. 1984) to #313 (Nov. 1985), explored the idea that Banner had suffered child abuse . Greg Pak , a later writer on The Incredible Hulk volume 2, called Mantlo's Crossroads stories one of his biggest influences on approaching the character. [8] After five years, Mantlo and artist Mike Mignola left the title for Alpha Flight , [9] and writer John Byrne worked on the series, followed briefly by Al Milgrom , before new regular writer Peter David took over. Crossroads-Nya dari kekekalan cerita, yang berlari dari masalah # 300 (Oktober 1984) untuk 313 # (Nov. 1985), menjadi ide yang Spanduk menderita karena anak penyalahgunaan. Greg Pak, nanti penulis tentang Pengen Hulk volume 2, disebut Mantlo's Crossroads cerita salah seorang pengaruh terbesar pada mendekati karakter. [8] Setelah lima tahun, Mantlo dan artis Mike Mignola kiri judul untuk Alpha Penerbangan, [9] dan penulis John Byrne bekerja pada seri, sebentar diikuti oleh Al Milgrom, sebelum baru biasa penulis Peter David mengambil alih.

David became the writer of the series with issue #331 (May 1987), marking the start of a 12-year tenure. Daud menjadi penulis dari serangkaian dengan isu # 331 (Mei 1987), menandai awal 12-tahun masa jabatan. David's run altered Banner's pre-Hulk characterization and the nature of Banner and the Hulk's relationship. David menjalankan diubah Banner's pra-Hulk pencirian dan sifat Spanduk dan Hulk hubungan. David returned to the Stern and Mantlo abuse storylines, expanding the damage caused, and depicting Banner as suffering dissociative identity disorder (DID) . David kembali ke Stern Mantlo dan penyalahgunaan storylines, memperluas kerusakan yang disebabkan, dan menggambarkan Spanduk sebagai penderitaan yg memisahkan identitas kekacauan (DID). David's stories showed that Banner had serious mental problems long before he became the Hulk . David's cerita Spanduk telah menunjukkan bahwa mental serius masalah panjang sebelum ia menjadi Hulk. David revamped his personality significantly, giving the Grey Hulk the alias 'Joe Fixit', and setting him up as a morally ambiguous Vegas enforcer and tough guy. David dirombak pribadinya secara signifikan, memberikan Gray Hulk alias' Joe Fixit ', dan pengaturan dia sebagai moral ambigu Vegas huntonvt dan sulit penjahat. David worked with numerous artists over his run on the series, including Dale Keown , Todd McFarlane , Gary Frank , Liam Sharp , Terry Dodson , Mike Deodato, Jr. , George Pérez , and Adam Kubert . [5] . David bekerja dengan lebih banyak seniman itu berjalan di seri, termasuk Dale Keown, Todd McFarlane, Gary Frank, Liam Sharp, Terry Dodson, Mike Deodato, Jr, George Pérez, dan Adam Kubert. [5].

In issue #377 (Jan 1991), David revamped the Hulk again, using a storyline involving hypnosis to have the splintered personalities of Banner and Hulk synthesize into a new Hulk who has the vast power of the Savage Hulk, the cunning of the Grey Hulk, and the intelligence of Bruce Banner. Dalam isu # 377 (Jan 1991), David yang dirombak Hulk lagi, menggunakan storyline melibatkan hipnose untuk memiliki splintered pribadi dari Hulk Spanduk dan mempersatukan menjadi Hulk yang baru memiliki luas daya dari Savage Hulk, yang licik dari Gray Hulk , Dan intelijen dari Bruce Banner.

In the 1993 Future Imperfect miniseries , writer David and penciller George Pérez introduced readers to the Hulk of a dystopian future. Pada 1993 Future Imperfect miniseries, penulis Daud dan penciller George Pérez diperkenalkan kepada pembaca Hulk dari dystopian masa depan. Calling himself the Maestro , the Hulk rules over a world where most of the heroes have been killed, and only Rick Jones and a small band of rebels fight against The Maestro’s rule. Panggil dirinya dengan Maestro, Hulk aturan yang lebih dari dunia di mana sebagian besar pahlawan telah dibunuh, dan hanya Rick Jones dan band kecil dari pemberontak yang memerangi Maestro's aturan. Although The Maestro seemed to be destroyed by the end, he returned in The Incredible Hulk #460 (Jan 1998), also written by David. Meskipun Maestro yang nampaknya dihancurkan oleh akhir, dia akan kembali dalam Hulk # 460 (Jan 1998), juga ditulis oleh Daud.

In 1998, David followed editor Bobbie Chase's suggestion to kill Betty Ross. Pada tahun 1998, David diikuti editor Bobbie Chase's saran untuk membunuh Betty Ross. In the introduction to the Hulk trade paperback Beauty and the Behemoth , David said that his wife had recently left him, providing inspiration for the storyline. Dalam pengenalan kepada Hulk perdagangan dinner Kecantikan dan Behemoth, David mengatakan bahwa istrinya telah meninggalkan dia baru-baru ini, memberikan inspirasi untuk storyline. Marvel executives used Ross' death as an opportunity to push the idea of bringing back the Savage Hulk. Heran eksekutif digunakan Ross' kematian sebagai sebuah kesempatan untuk mendorong ide membawa pulang Savage Hulk. David disagreed, leading to his parting ways with Marvel. [10] His last issue of Hulk was #467 (Aug 1998), his 137th. David tidak setuju, terkemuka kepada perpisahan dengan cara Kagumi. [10]-Nya terakhir adalah isu Hulk # 467 (Agustus 1998), ia 137th.

Also in 1998, Marvel relaunched The Rampaging Hulk , this time as a standard comic book rather than as a comics magazine. Juga pada tahun 1998, Kagumi relaunched yang Rampaging Hulk, saat ini sebagai standar buku komik daripada sebagai komik majalah.

[ edit ] Relaunch [Edit] ReLaunching

Following David's departure, Joe Casey took over as writer though the series' relaunch after issue #474 (March 1999). Hulk vol. Setelah Daud keberangkatan, Joe Casey mengambil alih sebagai penulis walaupun seri 'meluncurkan setelah isu # 474 (Maret 1999). Hulk vol. 2 [11] began immediately the following month, scripted by John Byrne and penciled by Ron Garney . 2 [11] segera mulai bulan berikutnya, scripted oleh John Byrne dan penciled oleh Ron Garney. Byrne departed before the first year was over, citing creative differences. [12] Erik Larsen and Jerry Ordway briefly filled scripting duties in his place, and the title returned to The Incredible Hulk vol. Byrne berangkat sebelum tahun pertama telah selesai, warga perbedaan kreatif. [12] Erik Larsen dan Jerry Ordway sebentar diisi script tugas di tempat, dan judul yang akan kembali ke Hulk vol. 3 [13] with the arrival of Paul Jenkins in issue #12 (March 2000). 3 [13] dengan kedatangan Paulus Jenkins dalam isu # 12 (Maret 2000).

Jenkins wrote a story arc in which Banner and the three Hulks (Savage Hulk, Grey Hulk, and the Merged Hulk, now considered a separate personality and referred to as the Professor) are able to mentally interact with one another, each personality taking over their shared body. Jenkins menulis sebuah cerita di Arc yang Spanduk dan tiga Hulks (Savage Hulk, Gray Hulk, dan Digabung Hulk, sekarang dianggap terpisah kepribadian dan disebut sebagai Profesor) dapat mental untuk berinteraksi dengan satu sama lain, setiap kepribadian dari rumah mereka bersama badan. During this, the four personalities (including Banner) confront yet another submerged Hulk, a sadistic Hulk intent on attacking the world for revenge. [14] Jenkins also created John Ryker in issue #14 (May 2000), a ruthless military general in charge of the original gamma bomb test responsible for the Hulk's creation, and who plans to create similar creatures. Selama ini, empat pribadi (termasuk Spanduk) menghadapi lain terendam namun Hulk, yang amat Hulk niat yang menyerang di dunia untuk dendam. [14] Jenkins juga dibuat John Ryker dalam isu # 14 (Mei 2000), yang buas militer umum dalam biaya asli dari gamma bom tes bertanggung jawab untuk Hulk ciptaan, dan rencana untuk membuat yang serupa makhluk. Ryker's actions briefly result in Banner becoming the sadistic Hulk before the four other personae subdue the beast. Ryker's tindakan sebentar di hasil Banner menjadi Hulk sadis sebelum empat lainnya personae menundukkan binatang.

Bruce Jones followed as the series' writer, and his run features Banner using yoga to take control of the Hulk while he is pursued by a secret conspiracy and aided by the mysterious Mr. Blue. Bruce Jones diikuti sebagai seri 'penulis, dan menjalankan fitur Spanduk menggunakan yoga untuk mengambil kontrol yang Hulk dari sementara ia diikuti oleh rahasia berkomplot dan aided oleh Bapak Blue misterius. Jones appended his 43-issue Incredible Hulk run with the limited series Hulk/Thing: Hard Knocks #1-4 (Nov. 2004 - Feb. 2005) , which Marvel published after putting the ongoing series on hiatus. Jones ditambahkan kepada 43-isu Hulk akan berjalan dengan seri terbatas Hulk / Thing: Hard Knocks # 1-4 (Nov. 2004 - Feb. 2005), yang diterbitkan Kagumi setelah jembatan yang akan berlangsung pada serangkaian selang.

Peter David, who had initially signed a contract for the six-issue Tempest Fugit limited series, returned as writer when it was decided to make the story, now only five parts, part of the ongoing series instead. [15] David contracted to complete a year on the title. Tempest Fugit revealed that Nightmare has manipulated the Hulk for years, tormenting him in various ways for "inconveniences" that the Hulk had caused him, including the sadistic Hulk Jenkins had introduced. [16] After a four-part tie-in to the House of M crossover and a one-issue epilogue , David left the series once more, citing the need to do non-Hulk work for his career's sake. [17] Peter David, yang pada awalnya telah menandatangani kontrak untuk enam-isu badai Fugit terbatas seri, kembali sebagai penulis ketika ia memutuskan untuk membuat cerita, sekarang hanya lima bagian, bagian dari rangkaian bukan terus-menerus. [15] Daud dikontrak untuk menyelesaikan setahun pada judul. badai Fugit mengemukakan bahwa hari ini telah dimanipulasi yang Hulk untuk tahun, tormenting dia dalam berbagai cara untuk "Penggunaan" bahwa Hulk telah menyebabkan dia, termasuk sadis Hulk Jenkins telah diperkenalkan. [16] Setelah empat bagian hubungan ke Rumah M crossover dan satu-isu epilogue, David meninggalkan serangkaian sekali lagi, warga ingin melakukan non-Hulk bekerja untuk karirnya masing-masing siswanya. [17]

[ edit ] Planet Hulk and World War Hulk [Sunting] Planet Hulk dan Perang Dunia Hulk

Main article: World War Hulk Artikel utama: Perang Dunia Hulk
Promosi seni untuk Perang Dunia Hulk # 1 oleh David Finch.
Promotional art for World War Hulk #1 by David Finch . Promosi seni untuk Perang Dunia Hulk # 1 oleh David Finch.

In the 2006 crossover storyline Planet Hulk by writer Greg Pak , a secret group of superhero leaders, the Illuminati , consider the Hulk an unacceptable potential risk to Earth, and rocket him into space to live a peaceful existence on a planet uninhabited by intelligent life. Pada 2006 crossover storyline Planet Hulk oleh penulis Pak Greg, sebuah kelompok rahasia superhero pemimpin, yang Illuminati, Hulk mempertimbangkan potensi resiko yang tidak dapat diterima untuk Bumi, dan roket dia ke ruang untuk hidup damai di planet keberadaan tak didiami oleh kehidupan cerdas. After a trajectory malfunction, the Hulk crashes on the violent planet Sakaar. Setelah Lintasan kerusakan, yang Hulk crash pada kekerasan planet Sakaar. Weakened by his journey, he is captured and eventually becomes a gladiator who scars the face of Sakaar's tyrannical emperor. Lemah dengan perjalanan, ia diambil dan akhirnya menjadi budak yang baik muka Sakaar's kejam kaisar. The Hulk becomes a rebel leader and later usurps Sakaar's throne through combat with the red king and his armies. Hulk yang menjadi pemimpin pemberontak dan kemudian usurps Sakaar's takhta melalui bertempur dengan raja merah dan tentera-tentera.

After Hulk's rise to emperor, the vessel used to send Hulk to Sakaar explodes, killing millions in Sakaar's capital, including his pregnant queen, Caiera . Setelah Hulk's menimbulkan kaisar, kapal yang digunakan untuk mengirim Hulk ke Sakaar explodes, membunuh jutaan Sakaar di ibukota, termasuk dia hamil ratu, Caiera. The damage to the tectonic plates destroys the planet and kills most of its population. Kerusakan ke tectonic piring menghapuskan planet dan membunuh sebagian besar penduduknya.

The Hulk, enraged, returns to Earth with the remnants of Sakaar's citizens, and his allies, the Warbound , seeking retribution against the Illuminati. The Hulk, sangat marah, kembali ke Bumi dengan sisa-sisa dari Sakaar's warga, dan sekutu, yang Warbound, mencari retribusi terhadap Illuminati. After laying siege to Manhattan , the Hulk learns one of his allies was responsible for the explosion. Setelah peletakan kepungan ke Manhattan, yang belajar Hulk salah seorang sekutu bertanggung jawab atas ledakan. He reverts to his Bruce Banner form and is taken into SHIELD custody. Dia reverts kepada Bruce Banner formulir dan diambil ke SHIELD penjara.

[ edit ] Retitling and new Hulk series [Edit] Retitling dan seri baru Hulk

As of #113 (Feb. 2008), the series was retitled The Incredible Hercules , still written by Greg Pak but starring the mythological demigod Hercules and teenage genius Amadeus Cho . Seperti dari 113 # (Feb. 2008), yang merupakan seri retitled yang akan Hercules, masih ditulis oleh Greg Pak tetapi bintang yang mitologi setengah dewa Hercules dan remaja genius Amadeus Cho.

Marvel also launched a new volume of Hulk , written by Jeph Loeb and drawn by Ed McGuiness . Heran juga meluncurkan baru volume Hulk, ditulis oleh Jeph Loeb dan digambar oleh Ed McGuiness. The series opens with an investigation into the appearance of a new, red Hulk , and reveals that Bruce Banner is no longer comatose, and is imprisoned by the US military until he transforms and escapes and confronts the Red Hulk. Melalui rangkaian terbuka dengan sebuah laporan tampilan baru, merah Hulk, dan menunjukkan bahwa Bruce Banner tidak lagi pingsan, dan dipenjarakan oleh militer AS sampai dia dan transformasi escapes dan membuka Merah Hulk.

[ edit ] Characterization [Edit] pemeranan

[ edit ] Bruce Banner [Edit] Bruce Banner

The core of the Hulk, Bruce Banner has been portrayed differently by different writers, but common themes persist. Inti dari Hulk, Bruce Banner telah potret berbeda oleh penulis yang berbeda, namun tema tetap berlanjut. Banner is a genius but emotionally withdrawn in most fashions. [5] Banner designed the gamma bomb which causes his affliction, and the ironic twist of his self-inflicted fate has been one of the most persistent common themes. [4] Arie Kaplan describes the character thus: “Bruce Banner lives in a constant state of panic, always wary that the monster inside him will erupt, and therefore he can’t form meaningful bonds with anyone.” [18] Spanduk adalah kecerdasan emosi tetapi ditarik dalam mode paling. [5] Spanduk merancang gamma bom yang menyebabkan dia affliction, dan ironis gerakan itu sendiri telah dijatuhkan nasib salah satu yang paling gigih tema umum. [4] Arie Kaplan menjelaskan karakter sehingga: "Bruce Banner hidup dalam keadaan panik konstan, selalu waspada bahwa raksasa di dalam dia akan meledak, dan karena itu dia tidak dapat berarti bentuk obligasi dengan siapapun." [18]

Throughout the Hulk's published history, writers have continued to frame Bruce Banner in these themes. Sepanjang sejarah Hulk's diterbitkan, penulis telah terus Bruce Banner dalam bingkai tema tersebut. Under different writers, his fractured personality led to transformations into different versions of the Hulk. Dalam berbagai penulis, dia fractured kepribadian menyebabkan perubahan dalam versi yang berbeda dari Hulk. These transformations are usually involuntary, and often writers have tied the transformation to emotional triggers, such as rage and fear. Transformasi ini biasanya secara, dan sering penulis telah terikat transformasi untuk memicu emosi, seperti mengamuk dan takut. As the series has progressed, different writers have adapted the Hulk, changing Hulk's personality to reflect changes in Banner's physiology or psyche. Seperti yang telah berkembang siri, yang berbeda penulis yang telah disesuaikan Hulk, Hulk's mengubah kepribadian untuk mencerminkan perubahan dalam Spanduk's fisiologi atau armada. Writers have also refined and changed some aspects of Banner's personality, showing him as emotionally repressed, but capable of deep love for Betty Ross, and for solving problems posed to him. Penulis juga telah disempurnakan dan berubah beberapa aspek Banner's kepribadian, menunjukkan dia sebagai repressed emosi, tetapi mampu mendalam cinta Betty Ross, dan untuk memecahkan masalah bertanyakan kepadanya. Under the writing of Paul Jenkins, Banner was shown to be a capable fugitive, applying deductive reasoning and observation to figure out the events transpiring around him. Dalam penulisan Paulus Jenkins, Spanduk ditunjukkan mampu menjadi buronan, menerapkan deduktif Pemikiran dan pengamatan untuk menggambarkan peristiwa transpiring di sekelilingnya. On the occasions that Banner has controlled the Hulk's body, he has applied principles of physics to problems and challenges and used deductive reasoning. Pada kesempatan yang Spanduk yang telah dikontrol Hulk tubuh, ia telah diterapkan prinsip-prinsip fisika untuk masalah dan tantangan dan deduktif digunakan alasan.

[ edit ] The Hulk [Edit] Hulk

During the experimental detonation of a gamma bomb, scientist Bruce Banner rushes to save a teenager who has driven onto the testing field. Selama percobaan peledakan bom yang gamma, ilmuwan Bruce Banner rushes untuk menyimpan remaja yang telah didorong ke lapangan pengujian. Pushing the teen, Rick Jones, into a trench, Banner himself is caught in the blast, absorbing massive amounts of radiation. Mendorong remaja, Rick Jones, ke dalam parit, Spanduk dirinya ditangkap di tempat letupan, menyerap radiasi jumlah besar. He awakens later in an infirmary, seeming relatively unscathed, but that night transforms into a lumbering grey form that breaks through the wall and escapes. Dia kemudian awakens di sebuah rumah sakit, pura-pura relatif tanpa cedera, tetapi malam transformasi yang lamban menjadi abu-abu formulir yang dapat merusak melalui dinding dan escapes. A soldier in the ensuing search party dubs the otherwise unidentified creature a "hulk". [19] Seorang tentara di Negara dan rombongan pencari dubs makhluk lain yang tidak teridentifikasi "hulk". [19]

The original version of the Hulk was often shown as simple and quick to anger. Versi asli dari Hulk ini sering ditampilkan sebagai sederhana dan cepat untuk marah. His first transformations were triggered by sundown, and his return to Banner by dawn. Nya pertama transformasi yang dipicu oleh matahari, dan kembali ke Spanduk oleh fajar. However, in Incredible Hulk #4, Banner started using a Gamma ray device to transform at will. [20] In more recent Hulk stories, emotions trigger the change. Namun, di Pengen Hulk # 4, Spanduk mulai menggunakan sinar Gamma perangkat akan di mentransformasi. [20] Dalam lebih baru Hulk cerita, emosi memicu perubahan. Although grey in his debut, difficulties for the printer led to a change in his color to green. Meskipun abu-abu di debut, kesulitan untuk printer menyebabkan perubahan dalam warna ke hijau. In the origin tale, the Hulk divorces his identity from Banner’s, decrying Banner as "that puny weakling in the picture". [19] From his earliest stories, the Hulk has been concerned with finding sanctuary and quiet, [4] and often is shown reacting emotionally to situations quickly. Dalam cerita asal, yang Hulk perceraian itu identitas dari Banner's, decrying Spanduk sebagai "yang lemah lemah dalam gambar". [19] Dari awal dia cerita, yang bersangkutan telah Hulk dengan mencari tempat perlindungan dan tenang, [4] dan sering ditampilkan reacting emosi untuk situasi dengan cepat. Grest and Weinberg call Hulk the "...dark, primordial side of [Banner's] psyche." [21] . Grest dan Weinberg panggilan yang Hulk "... gelap, purba samping [Banner's] armada." [21]. Even in the earliest appearances, Hulk spoke in the third person. Bahkan di awal penampilan, Hulk berbicara pada orang ketiga. The Hulk retains a modest intelligence, thinking and talking in full sentences, and Lee even gives the Hulk expository dialogue in issue six, allowing readers to learn just what capabilities the Hulk has, when the Hulk says, “But these muscles ain't just for show! Hulk yang sederhana yang tetap inteligensi, berpikir dan berbicara dalam kalimat lengkap, dan bahkan Lee memberikan Hulk yg menjelaskan masalah dalam dialog enam, yang memungkinkan pembaca untuk mempelajari apa yang hanya memiliki kemampuan yang Hulk, ketika Hulk mengatakan, "Tetapi ini tidak hanya otot untuk menunjukkan! All I gotta do is spring up and just keep goin'!" In Marvel: Five Fabulous Decades of the World's Greatest Comics , Les Daniels addresses the Hulk as an embodiment of cultural fears of radiation and nuclear science. He quotes Jack Kirby thus: "As long as we're experimenting with radioactivity there's no telling what may happen, or how much our advancements may cost us." Daniels continues "The Hulk became Marvel's most disturbing embodiment of the perils inherent in the atomic age." [22] Semua kenapa saya lakukan adalah bertumbuh dan hanya terus kenapa '! "Dalam Kagumi: Lima olahraga puluhan tahun dari World's Besar Komik, Les Daniels Hulk alamat yang sebagai perwujudan dari budaya ketakutan yang dirasakan oleh radiasi nuklir dan ilmu pengetahuan. Dia penawaran Jack Kirby sehingga:" Selama kami melakukan percobaan dengan radioaktivitas tidak ada menceritakan apa yang bisa terjadi, atau berapa banyak kami advancements Mei biaya kami. "Daniels terus" The Hulk Kagumi menjadi yang paling mengganggu perwujudan dari Perils melekat di atom usia. "[22]

Though usually a loner, the Hulk helped to form both the Avengers [23] and the Defenders . [24] He was able to determine that the changes were now triggered by emotional stress. [25] Meskipun biasanya seorang penyendiri, yang membantu untuk membentuk Hulk baik Avengers [23] dan Defenders. [24] Dia mampu untuk menentukan bahwa perubahan yang sekarang dipicu oleh stres emosional. [25]

Fantastic Four #12 (March 1963), featured the Hulk's first battle with the Thing . Fantastic Four # 12 (Maret 1963), menampilkan Hulk pertama pertempuran dengan Thing. Although many early Hulk stories involve General Thaddeus "Thunderbolt" Ross trying to capture or destroy the Hulk, the main villain is often, like Hulk, a radiation based character, like the Gargoyle or the Leader , along with other foes such as the Toad Men , or Asian warlord General Fang. Meskipun banyak cerita awal Hulk melibatkan Jenderal Thaddeus "Thunderbolt" Ross mencoba untuk menangkap atau merusak Hulk, yang utama adalah penjahat sering, seperti Hulk, radiasi yang berbasis karakter, seperti Gargoyle atau Ketua, bersama dengan musuh lain seperti katak Men , Atau Asia laksamana Umum Fang. Ross' daughter, Betty , loves Banner and criticizes her father for pursuing the Hulk. Ross' putri, Betty, Spanduk dan suka mengkritik ayahnya untuk upaya mencapai Hulk. General Ross' right-hand man, Major Glenn Talbot , also loves Betty and is torn between pursuing the Hulk and trying to gain Betty's love more honorably. Umum Ross' kanan-tangan manusia, Pusat Glenn Sukaraja, dan juga menyukai Betty koyak antara upaya mencapai Hulk dan Betty mencoba untuk mendapatkan cinta lebih hormat. Rick Jones serves as the Hulk's friend and sidekick in these early tales. Rick Jones menjabat sebagai Hulk's teman dan sahabat karib di awal pernyataan ini.

Stan Lee and others have compared The Hulk in these early tales to the misunderstood creature Frankenstein's Monster [4] , a concept Lee had wanted to explore. Stan Lee dan lain-lain telah dibandingkan yang Hulk di awal cerita ini ke disalahfaham makhluk Frankenstein's Monster [4], sebuah konsep Lee telah ingin menjelajahi. Lee remembers, "I had always loved the old movie Frankenstein . And it seemed to me that the monster, played by Boris Karloff , wasn't really a bad guy. He was the good guy. He didn't want to hurt anybody. It's just those idiots with torches kept running up and down the mountains, chasing him and getting him angry. And I thought, 'Wouldn't it be fun to create a monster and make him the good guy?'"." [26] Wondering how to bring a new twist to Mary Shelley 's classic character as imagined by director James Whale in 1931, Lee recalled another favorite from his childhood: Robert Louis Stevenson 's half-man/half-monster, depicted in director Rouben Mamoulian 's 1931 classic, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde . "I combined Jekyll and Hyde with Frankenstein," Lee tells, "and I got myself the monster I wanted, who was really good, but nobody knew it. Lee mengingat, "Saya selalu dicintai telah lama film Frankenstein. Dan ini nampaknya kepada saya bahwa raksasa, dimainkan oleh Boris Karloff, adalah tidak benar-benar buruk penjahat. Dia adalah baik penjahat. Dia tidak ingin menyakiti siapa saja. Ada hal-hal yang idiots dengan torches dipelihara berjalan ke atas dan ke bawah gunung-gunung, dia mengejar dan mendapatkan dia marah. Dan saya pikir, 'Apakah itu tidak akan menyenangkan untuk membuat raksasa dan membuat dia baik penjahat ?'"." [26] Ingin tahu cara baru untuk membawa berliku-liku ke Mary Shelley 's klasik membayangkan karakter sebagai direktur oleh James Whale di 1931, Lee diingat favorit lain dari wanita: Robert Louis Stevenson' s half-man/half-monster, digambarkan dalam direktur Rouben Mamoulian ' 1.931 s klasik, Dr Jekyll dan Mr Hyde. "Saya dikombinasikan dengan Hyde Jekyll dan Frankenstein," Lee memberitahu, "dan saya sendiri yang saya ingin raksasa, yang benar-benar baik, tapi tak seorangpun tahu itu. He was also somebody who could change from a normal man into a monster, and lo, a legend was born." [27] Lee also compared Hulk to the Golem of Jewish myth. [4] In The Science of Superheroes , Gresh and Weinberg see the Hulk as a reaction to the Cold War [21] and the threat of nuclear attack, an interpretation shared by Weinstein in Up, Up, and Oy Vey . [4] Kaplan calls Hulk ‘schizophrenic’. [18] Jack Kirby has also commented upon his influences in drawing the character, recalling as inspiration the tale of a mother who rescues her child who is trapped beneath a car. [28] Dia juga seseorang yang dapat mengubah dari manusia biasa menjadi raksasa, dan sesungguhnya, legenda yang lahir. "[27] Lee juga dibandingkan Hulk ke Golem dari mitos Yahudi. [4] Dalam Ilmu dari pengadilan, Gresh dan Weinberg melihat Hulk sebagai reaksi atas perang dingin [21] dan ancaman dari serangan nuklir, sebuah interpretasi bersama-sama oleh Weinstein di Up, Up, dan Oy Vey. [4] Kaplan panggilan Hulk 'yg menderita skizofrenia'. [18] Jack Kirby telah Komentar beliau juga mempengaruhi dalam menggambar karakter, yang kembali sebagai inspirasi kisah seorang ibu yang menyelamatkan anaknya yang terperangkap di bawah mobil. [28]

In the 1970s, Hulk was shown as more prone to anger and rage, and less talkative. Pada tahun 1970-an, Hulk telah ditampilkan sebagai lebih rentan terhadap marah dan mengamuk, dan kurang bicara. Writers played with the nature of his transformations, [29] briefly giving Banner control over the change, and the ability to maintain control of his Hulk form. Penulis diputar dengan sifat perubahan itu, [29] sebentar Spanduk memberikan kontrol atas perubahan, dan kemampuan untuk mempertahankan kontrol dari Hulk formulir.

Hulk stories began to involve other dimensions, and in one, Hulk met the empress Jarella . Hulk cerita mulai melibatkan dimensi lain, dan dalam satu, Hulk bertemu dengan permaisuri Jarella. Jarella used magic to bring Banner’s intelligence to Hulk, and came to love him, asking him to become her mate. Jarella sihir digunakan untuk membawa Spanduk's intelijen untuk Hulk, dan datang kepada Allah, dia meminta untuk menjadi pasangan dia. Though Hulk returned to Earth before he could become her king, he would return to Jarella's kingdom of K'ai again. Walaupun Hulk kembali ke Bumi sebelum ia dapat menjadi raja itu, dia akan kembali ke Jarella's kerajaan K'ai lagi.

When Bill Mantlo took on writing duties, he led the character into the arena of political commentary when Hulk traveled to Tel Aviv , Israel , encountering both the violence of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and the Jewish Israeli heroine Sabra . Bila RUU itu Mantlo pada tugas menulis, ia memimpin karakter ke dalam arena politik Hulk komentar ketika bepergian ke Tel Aviv, Israel, kedua temui kekerasan dari konflik Israel-Palestina, dan Yahudi Israel srikandi Yahudi yg lahir di Israel. Soon after, Hulk encountered the Arabian Knight , a Bedouin superhero. [4] Segera setelah, Hulk melihat ada Arab Knight, yang Badui superhero. [4]

Under Mantlo's writing, a mindless Hulk was sent to the "Crossroads of Eternity", where Banner was revealed to have suffered childhood traumas which engendered Bruce's repressed rage. [30] Dalam Mantlo's menulis, tak ada artinya Hulk yang telah dikirim ke "Crossroads dari keabadian", di mana Spanduk diturunkan untuk memiliki anak menderita trauma yang engendered Bruce's repressed mengamuk. [30]

Having come to terms with his issues, at least for a time, Hulk and Banner physically separated under John Byrne's writing. Setelah mencapai kata sepakat dengan masalah itu, setidaknya untuk waktu, Hulk Spanduk dan secara fisik terpisah di bawah John Byrne's menulis. Separated from the Hulk by Doc Samson , [31] Banner was recruited by the US government to create the Hulkbusters, a government team dedicated to catching Hulk. Dipisahkan dari Hulk oleh Doc Simson, [31] Spanduk telah direkrut oleh pemerintah Amerika Serikat untuk menciptakan Hulkbusters, pemerintah tim yang ditugaskan khusus untuk menangkap Hulk. Banner and Ross married, [32] but Byrne's change in the character was reversed by Al Milgrom, who reunited the two personas, [33] and with issue #324, returned the Hulk to his grey coloration after a second visit to K'ai and his one time love, Jarella. Spanduk dan Ross menikah, [32] tetapi Byrne's dalam mengubah karakter adalah terbalik oleh Al Milgrom, yang reunited dua personas, [33] dan dengan isu 324 #, Hulk mengembalikan kepada pewarnaan abu-abu setelah kunjungan kedua ke K'ai dan satu kali cinta, Jarella.

Shortly after returning to Earth, Hulk took on the identity of "Joe Fixit," a shadowy behind the scenes figure, working in Las Vegas on behalf of a casino owner, Michael Berengetti. [34] For months, Banner was repressed in Hulk’s mind, but slowly began to reappear. Sesaat setelah kembali ke Bumi, Hulk itu pada identitas "Joe Fixit," sebuah bayangan di balik layar angka, bekerja di Las Vegas atas nama pemilik kasino, Michael Berengetti. [34] Untuk bulan, Spanduk adalah repressed di Hulk ' s keberatan, tapi perlahan-lahan mulai muncul lagi. Hulk and Banner began to change back and forth again at dusk and dawn, as the character initially had, but this time, they worked together to advance both their goals, using written notes as communication as well as meeting on a mental plane to have conversations. Hulk Spanduk dan mulai mengubah bolak-balik lagi di senja dan subuh, sebagai karakter yang pada awalnya, tetapi saat ini, mereka bekerja bersama untuk memajukan kedua tujuan mereka, menggunakan catatan tertulis sebagai komunikasi serta pada pertemuan yang memiliki mental pesawat untuk percakapan . In The Incredible Hulk #333, the Leader describes the Grey Hulk persona as strongest during the night of the new moon and weakest during the full moon. Dalam Pengen Hulk # 333, yang Ketua menggambarkan Gray Hulk sebagai orang kuat di malam hari dari bulan baru dan lemah selama bulan penuh. Eventually, the green Hulk began to re-emerge. [35] Pada akhirnya, hijau Hulk mulai ulang. [35]

In issue #377, David revamped the Hulk again. Dalam isu 377 #, David yang dirombak Hulk lagi. Doctor Leonard Samson engages the Ringmaster 's services to hypnotize Bruce Banner and force him, the Savage Hulk (Green Hulk) and Mr. Fixit (Grey Hulk) to confront Banner's past abuse at the hands of his father, Brian Banner. Dokter Leonard Simson yang melibatkan Ringmaster 's layanan untuk hypnotize Bruce Banner dan memaksa dia, yang Savage Hulk (Green Hulk) dan Bapak Fixit (Gray Hulk) menghadapi Banner's penyalahgunaan di masa lalu di tangan ayahnya, Brian Spanduk. During the session, the three identities confront a ‘Guilt Hulk’, which sadistically torments the three with the abuse of Banner’s father. Pada sesi, tiga identitas yang menghadapi 'Rasa Bersalah Hulk', yang mana sadistically torments tiga dengan penyalahgunaan Spanduk ayahnya. Facing down this abuse, a new, larger and smarter Hulk emerges and completely replaces the "human" Bruce Banner and Hulk personae. Menghadap ke bawah ini penyalahgunaan, baru, lebih besar dan lebih pintar Hulk muncul dan sepenuhnya menggantikan "manusia" Bruce Banner dan Hulk personae. This Hulk is a culmination of the three aspects of Banner. Hulk ini merupakan puncak dari tiga aspek Spanduk. He has the vast power of the Savage Hulk, the cunning of the grey Hulk and the intelligence of Bruce Banner. Dia memiliki luas daya dari Savage Hulk, yang licik dari Hulk abu-abu dan intelijen dari Bruce Banner.

Peter David then introduces the Hulk to the Pantheon , a secretive organization built around an extended family of super-powered people. [36] The family members, mostly distant cousins to each other, had codenames based in the mythos of the Trojan War , and were descendants of the founder of the group, Agamemnon . Peter David kemudian memperkenalkan Hulk ke Pantheon, sebuah organisasi diam-diam dibangun di sekitar sebuah keluarga yang super-powered orang. [36] Para anggota keluarga, sebagian besar jauh cousins untuk setiap lain, yang berbasis di codenames mitos dari Perang Trojan, dan adalah keturunan dari pendiri grup, Agamemnon. When Agamemnon leaves, he puts the Hulk in charge of the organization. Ketika Agamemnon daun, ia meletakkan Hulk yang bertanggung jawab terhadap organisasi. The storyline ends when it is revealed Agamemnon has traded his offspring to an alien race to gain power. Storyline yang berakhir ketika Agamemnon telah diturunkan belikan dia anak ke alien ras untuk mendapatkan kuasa. The Hulk leads the Pantheon against the aliens, and then moves on. The Hulk lead Pantheon terhadap asing, dan kemudian bergerak di.

Penutup ke Hulk: Future Imperfect # 2 (Jan. 1993), yang menggambarkan Maestro. Cover art oleh George Perez.
Cover to Hulk: Future Imperfect #2 (Jan. 1993), depicting the Maestro . Penutup ke Hulk: Future Imperfect # 2 (Jan. 1993), yang menggambarkan Maestro. Cover art by George Perez . Cover art oleh George Perez.

Shortly after, Hulk encounters a depraved version of himself from the future, called Maestro. Sesaat setelah, Hulk yang rusak mendapatkan versi dirinya dari masa depan, disebut Maestro. Thrown into the future, Hulk finds himself allied with Rick Jones, now an old man, in an effort to destroy the tyrant Maestro. Dilemparkan ke masa depan, Hulk menemukan dirinya sekutu dengan Rick Jones, sekarang seorang tua, dalam upaya untuk merusak Maestro merajalela. Unable to stop him in any other manner, Hulk uses the time machine that brought him to the future to send the Maestro back into the heart of the very Gamma Bomb test that spawned the Hulk. Tidak dapat menghentikan dia dalam cara lain, Hulk menggunakan mesin waktu yang membawa dia ke masa depan untuk mengirim Maestro kembali ke dalam jantung sangat Gamma Bom tes yang spawned di Hulk.

In 1998, David followed Editor Bobbie Chase's suggestion, and wrote a storyline centering on the death of Betty Ross. Pada tahun 1998, David diikuti Editor Bobbie Chase's saran, dan menulis sebuah storyline yang terpusat pada kematian Betty Ross. Betty has radiation poisoning, and desperate to save her, General Thunderbolt Ross worked with Banner, hoping to save her, but they fail (later revealed to be due to interference by the Abomination), and Betty dies. Betty telah radiasi keracunan, dan dia merasa putus asa untuk menyimpan, Umum Thunderbolt Ross bekerja dengan Spanduk, dia berharap untuk menyimpan, tetapi mereka gagal (nanti akan diturunkan karena gangguan oleh jijik thd), dan Betty meninggal dunia. The story was used to close Volume 2 of the Incredible Hulk title. Cerita yang digunakan untuk menutup Volume 2 dari Pengen Hulk judul. Following the story, David left Marvel, following a conflict about the direction of the series. Mengikuti cerita, David Kagumi kiri, berikut konflik tentang arah seri.

In 2006 Greg Pak introduced the Planet Hulk story arc, which opened with a cabal of Earth’s superpowers, called Illuminati , sending Hulk into deep space to protect the Earth from his destructive rampages after his involvement in the destruction of the Godseye Satellite orbiting Earth. Pada tahun 2006 Greg Pak memperkenalkan Planet Hulk cerita Arc, yang dibuka dengan intrik Bumi's superpowers, yang disebut Illuminati, mengirim Hulk ke dalam ruang untuk melindungi Bumi dari merusak rampages setelah itu keterlibatan dalam pemusnahan dari satelit Godseye hal Bumi . Hulk’s rocket, intended for a desolate, empty planet, instead crashed onto Sakaar. Hulk's roket, yang dirancang untuk sepi, kosong planet, bukan ke Sakaar crashed. On Sakaar, Hulk rises from slave to king leading a rebellion, and finds love with a wife, Caiera. Pada Sakaar, Hulk meningkat dari hamba raja untuk memimpin sebuah pemberontakan, dan menemukan cinta dengan istri, Caiera. Shortly after, the rocket that brought Hulk to Sakaar malfunctions and explodes, setting off the planet’s destruction. Sesaat setelah, dengan roket yang dibawa ke Hulk Sakaar malfungsi dan explodes, pengaturan keluar dari planet kerusakan. Following the death of his wife, unborn child, and hundreds of millions of innocents, Hulk gathers some survivors and heads to Earth to exact revenge. Setelah kematian istrinya, anak belum lahir, dan ratusan juta bersalah, Hulk mengumpulkan beberapa korban dan kepala ke Bumi tepat untuk dendam.

In World War Hulk , Hulk along with an alien invasion force, confronts and defeats the members of the Illuminati and several of Marvel's major superhero teams, but he later surrenders and is captured. Dalam Perang Dunia Hulk, Hulk bersama dengan orang asing invasi paksa, dan mampu membuka anggota dari Illuminati dan beberapa dari Kagumi utama tim profesional, tetapi ia kemudian surrenders dan diambil. Bruce Banner is later seen in custody in a military facility where General Ross and Doc Samson seek out Bruce Banner's help with the emerging mystery of a new Red Hulk. Bruce Banner adalah nanti dilihat di dalam penjara militer di mana fasilitas umum dan Ross Doc Simson Bruce Banner mencari bantuan dengan munculnya misteri baru Red Hulk.

Artistically, the character has been depicted as progressively more muscular in the years since his debut. [37] Artistik, karakter telah digambarkan sebagai progresif lebih berotot pada tahun-tahun sejak dia debut. [37]

[ edit ] Powers and abilities [Sunting] Kuasa dan kemampuan

The Hulk possesses the potential for near-limitless physical strength depending directly on his emotional state, particularly his anger. [38] [39] [40] This has been reflected in the repeated comment "The madder Hulk gets, the stronger Hulk gets." Hulk yang memiliki potensi untuk dekat-terbatas tergantung kekuatan fisik langsung pada emosional negara, terutama dia marah. [38] [39] [40] ini telah tercermin dalam komentar diulang "The madder Hulk manis, Hulk mendapatkan lebih kuat. " His durability, healing, and endurance also increase in proportion to his temper. [41] Greg Pak described the Hulk shown during World War Hulk as having a level of physical power where "Hulk was stronger than any mortal --and most immortals-- who ever walked the Earth." Daya tahan Nya, penyembuhan, dan juga meningkatkan ketahanan dalam proporsi kepada keadaan marah. [41] Greg Pak menjelaskan Hulk ditampilkan selama Perang Dunia Hulk karena memiliki tingkat daya fisik dimana "Hulk adalah lebih kuat dari semua manusia - dan paling iMMORTALs -- yang pernah berjalan di Bumi. " Pak went on to say that even then, the Hulk would lose to characters such as Galactus. [42] Pak pergi ke bahkan mengatakan bahwa saat itu, Hulk akan kehilangan untuk karakter seperti Galactus. [42]

The Hulk is resistant to most forms of injury or damage, including physical, psychic, environmental extremes, and is immune to disease and poisons.He has been shown to have both regenerative and adaptive healing abilities, including growing tissues to allow him to breathe underwater [43] , surviving unprotected in space (yet still needing to breathe) [44] , and when injured, healing from almost any wound within seconds. Hulk adalah yang paling tahan terhadap bentuk cedera atau kerusakan, termasuk fisik, psikis, lingkungan yang terlalu tinggi, dan untuk penyakit kekebalan tubuh dan poisons.He telah ditunjukkan untuk mempunyai kedua yg membarui menyesuaikan diri dan kemampuan penyembuhan, termasuk pertumbuhan tisu untuk membolehkan dia untuk bernafas di bawah [43], dalam ruang hidup tidak dilindungi (namun masih perlu bernafas) [44], dan ketika terluka, penyembuhan dari luka dalam hampir setiap detik.

His powerful legs allow him to leap into lower Earth orbit or across continents. [45] He also has less commonly described powers, including abilities allowing him to "home in" to his place of origin in New Mexico, and to see and interact with astral forms. Kaki-Nya berkuasa memungkinkan dia untuk melompat ke bawah Orbit bumi atau di seluruh benua. [45] Dia juga telah dijelaskan kekuasaan kurang umum, termasuk kemampuan untuk memungkinkan dia "di rumah" ke tempat asal beliau di New Mexico, dan untuk melihat dan berinteraksi dengan bentuk bintang.

As Bruce Banner (and the Merged/Professor Hulk), he is considered one of the greatest minds on Earth. Seperti Bruce Banner (dan Digabung / Profesor Hulk), dia dianggap salah satu yang terbesar di pikiran Bumi. He has developed expertise in the fields of biology, chemistry, engineering, and physiology, and holds a Ph.D. Dia telah mengembangkan keahlian di bidang biologi, kimia, rekayasa, dan fisiologi, dan mendapat gelar Ph.D. in nuclear physics. nuklir fisika. He possesses "a mind so brilliant it cannot be measured on any known intelligence test". [46] Dia memiliki "pikiran yang cerdas sehingga tidak dapat diukur pada setiap tes kecerdasan dikenal". [46]

In The Science of Superheroes , Lois Grest and Robert Weinberg examined Hulk’s powers, explaining the scientific flaws in them. Dalam Ilmu dari pengadilan, Lois Grest dan Robert Weinberg diperiksa Hulk's kekuasaan, menjelaskan ilmiah dalam kekurangan mereka. Most notably, they point out that the level of gamma radiation Banner is exposed to at the initial blast would induce radiation sickness and kill him, or if not, create significant cancer risks for Banner, because hard radiation strips cells of their ability to function. They go on to offer up an alternate origin, in which a Hulk might be created by biological experimentation with adrenal glands and GFP .

Charles Q. Choi from LiveScience.com further explains that unlike the Incredible Hulk, gamma rays are not green; existing as they do beyond the visible spectrum, gamma rays have no color at all that we can describe. He also explains that gamma rays are so powerful (the highest form of light and 10,000 times more powerful than visible light) that they can even create matter- a possible explanation for the increased mass that Bruce Banner takes on during transformations. "Just as the Incredible Hulk 'is the strongest one there is,' as he says himself, so too are gamma ray bursts the most powerful explosions known." [47]

[ edit ] Related characters

Main article: List of Hulk supporting characters

Over the long publication history of the Hulk's adventures, many recurring characters have featured prominently, including his sidekick, Rick Jones, love interest Betty Ross, and her father, the often adversarial General Thunderbolt Ross.

[ edit ] Interpretations in popular culture

Main article: Hulk in other media

The Hulk character and the concepts behind it have been raised to the level of iconic status by many within and outside the comic book industry. In 2003 the Official PlayStation magazine claimed the character had "stood the test of time as a genuine icon of American pop culture." [48]

The Hulk is often viewed as a reaction to war. As well as being a reaction to the Cold War, the character has been a cipher for the frustrations the Vietnam War raised, and Ang Lee said that the Iraq War influenced his direction. [21] [49] [50] In the Michael Nyman edited edition of The Guardian , Stefanie Diekmann explored Marvel Comics' reaction to the September 11, 2001 attacks . Diekmann discussed The Hulk's appearance in the comic book Heroes , claiming that his greater prominence, alongside Captain America , aided in "stressing the connection between anger and justified violence without having to depict anything more than a well-known and well-respected protagonist." [51] Asked by Naomi Klein if a new Cold War was imminent, Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez cryptically replied: "The geopolitics of the world will be like the Incredible Hulk comics, where he tenses himself before the transformation." [52]

In Comic Book Nation , Wright alludes to Hulk's counterculture status, referring to a 1965 Esquire magazine poll amongst college students which "revealed that student radicals ranked Spider-Man and the Hulk alongside the likes of Bob Dylan and Che Guevara as their favorite revolutionary icons." Wright goes on to cite examples of his anti-authority symbol status. Two of the most notable are "The Ballad of the Hulk" by Jerry Jeff Walker , and the Rolling Stone cover for 30 September 1971, a full color Herb Trimpe piece commissioned for the magazine. [29] [53] The Hulk has been caricatured in such animated television series as The Simpsons [54] Robot Chicken and Family Guy , [55] and such sketch comedy TV series as The Young Ones [56] . The character is also used a cultural reference point for someone displaying anger or agitation. For example, in a 2008 Daily Mirror review of an EastEnders episode, a character is described as going "into Incredible Hulk mode, smashing up his flat". [57]

The 2003 Ang Lee directed Hulk film saw discussion of the character's appeal to Asian-Americans . [58] The Taiwanese born Ang Lee commented on the "subcurrent of repression" that underscored the character of The Hulk, and how that mirrored his own experience: "Growing up, my artistic leanings were always repressed -- there was always pressure to do something 'useful,' like being a doctor." Jeff Yang, writing for SF Gate extended this self identification to Asian-American culture, arguing that "the passive-aggressive streak runs deep among Asian Americans -- especially those who have entered creative careers, often against their parents' wishes." [59]

[ edit ] Other versions

Main article: Alternate versions of Hulk

Over the decades that Marvel has published Hulk, the company has featured versions of the Hulk set in alternate realities and histories, as well as other forms of art, such as the manga style.

[ edit ] Bibliography

  • The Incredible Hulk #1–6 ( Marvel Comics , May 1962–March 1963)
  • Tales to Astonish #59–101 ( Marvel Comics , September 1964–March 1968)
  • The Incredible Hulk Vol 2, #102–474 ( Marvel Comics , April 1968–March 1999, continued numbering from Tales to Astonish )
  • The Incredible Hulk Special #1–4 ( Marvel Comics , 1968–1972)
  • The Incredible Hulk Annual #5–20 ( Marvel Comics , 1975–1994, continued numbering from The Incredible Hulk Special )
  • The Incredible Hulk #-1 ( Marvel Comics , July 1997, ISSN 0274-5275)
  • The Incredible Hulk '97 ( Marvel Comics , 1997)
  • The Incredible Hulk/Sub-Mariner '98 ( Marvel Comics , August 1998)
  • Hulk Vol. 2, #1–11 ( Marvel Comics , April 1999–February 2000)
  • Hulk 1999 ( Marvel Comics , 1999)
  • The Incredible Hulk Vol. 3 #12–76, #77–#112 ( Marvel Comics , March 2000–September 2004, January 2005–January 2008, continued numbering from Hulk vol. 2)
  • The Incredible Hulk 2000 ( Marvel Comics , 2000)
  • The Incredible Hulk 2001 ( Marvel Comics , 2001)
  • Hulk Vol. 3 #1–present ( Marvel Comics , March 2008-present)
  • Hulk Weekly #1–69, Marvel UK title published between 1979–1981. Features original material produced by the likes of Paul Neary and Steve Dillon .

Magazines

  • Rampaging Hulk #1–9 ( Marvel Comics , January 1977-June 1978)
  • Hulk #10–27 ( Marvel Comics , August 1978–June 1984, continued numbering from Rampaging Hulk )

Collections

  • Hulk Visionaries: Peter David Vol. 1 Written by Peter David ; Pencils & Cover by Todd McFarlane ; collects Incredible Hulk #331-339
  • Hulk Visionaries: Peter David Vol. 2 Written by Peter David ; Penciled by Todd McFarlane , Erik Larsen , & Jeff Purves; collects Incredible Hulk #340-348
  • Hulk Visionaries: Peter David Vol. 3 Written by Peter David & Steve Englehart ; Penciled by Jeff Purves, Alex Saviuk & Keith Pollard ; Collects Incredible Hulk #349-354, Web of Spider-Man #44 and Fantastic Four #320.
  • Hulk Visionaries: Peter David Vol. 4 Written by Peter David ; collects Incredible Hulk #355-363, and Marvel Comics Presents #26 and #45
  • Hulk Visionaries: Peter David Vol. 5 Written by Peter David ; collects Incredible Hulk #364-372 and Annual #16
  • Incredible Hulk: Dogs of War Written by Paul Jenkins ; Penciled by Ron Garney and Mike McKone ; collects Incredible Hulk #12-20 Vol. 2.
  • Incredible Hulk Vol. 1: Return of the Monster Written by Bruce Jones ; Penciled by John Romita, Jr. ; collects Incredible Hulk #34-39 Vol. 2.
  • Incredible Hulk Vol. 2: Boiling Point Written by Bruce Jones ; Penciled by John Romita, Jr. ; collects Incredible Hulk #40-43 Vol. 2.
  • Incredible Hulk Vol. 3: Transfer Of Power Written by Bruce Jones ; Penciled by Stuart Immonen ; collects Incredible Hulk #44-49 Vol. 2.
  • Incredible Hulk Vol. 4: Abominable Written by Bruce Jones ; Penciled by Mike Deodato, Jr. ; collects Incredible Hulk #50-54 Vol. 2.
  • Incredible Hulk Vol. 5: Hide In Plain Sight Written by Bruce Jones ; Penciled by Leandro Fernández ; collects Incredible Hulk #55-59 Vol. 2.
  • Incredible Hulk Vol. 6: Split Decisions Written by Bruce Jones ; Penciled by Mike Deodato Jr. ; collects Incredible Hulk #60-65 Vol. 2.
  • Incredible Hulk Vol. 7: Dead Like Me Written Bruce Jones & Garth Ennis ; Pencils by Doug Braithwaite & John McCrea ; collects Incredible Hulk #65-69 Vol. 2, and Hulk Smash #1 and #2.
  • Incredible Hulk Vol. 8: Big Things Written Bruce Jones ; Pencils by Mike Deodato, Jr. ; collects Incredible Hulk #70-76 Vol. 2.
  • Hulk: Tempest Fugit Written by Peter David ; Penciled by Lee Weeks & Jae Lee ; collects Incredible Hulk #77-82 Vol. 2.
  • House Of M: Hulk Written by Peter David ; Penciled by Jorge Lucas & Adam Kubert ; collects Incredible Hulk #83-87 Vol. 2.
  • Hulk: Planet Hulk Prelude Written by Daniel Way ; Penciled by Keu Cha & Juan Santacruz; collects Incredible Hulk #88-91 Vol. 2.

[ edit ] Notes

  1. ^ Wizard Magazine, June 2008
  2. ^ "" (June 2006). Comics Buyer's Guide (1617).
  3. ^ "" (July 2003). Starlog (213).
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Weinstein, Simcha (2006). Up, Up, and Oy Vey! . Baltimore, Maryland: Leviathan Press, 82-97. ISBN 1-881927-32-6 .
  5. ^ a b c d e DeFalco, Tom (2003). The Hulk: The Incredible Guide . London: DK Publishing, 200. ISBN 0=7894-9260-1.
  6. ^ Warner, John, "The Rampaging Editorial," The Rampaging Hulk , #1, January 1977, pp. 40-41.
  7. ^ The Hulk! series at the Grand Comic-Book Database
  8. ^ Taylor, Robert ( 2006 - 08-03 ). " Greg Goes Wild on Planet Pak ". Wizard Magazine . Wizard Entertainment Group. Retrieved on 2007 - 11-15 .
  9. ^ Serwin, Andy ( 2007 - 07-23 ). " The Wizard Retrospective: Mike Mignola ". Wizard Magazine . Wizard Entertainment Group. Retrieved on 2007 - 11-13 .
  10. ^ Radford, Bill ( 1999 - 02-21 ). "Marvel's not-so-jolly green giant gets a fresh start and a new team", The Gazette , p. L4.
  11. ^ The Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators: Hulk (II) (1999-2000)
  12. ^ Michael Thomas (August 22 2000). " John Byrne: The Hidden Answers ". Retrieved on 2007 - 11-05 .
  13. ^ The Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators: Incredible Hulk (III) (2000-2008)
  14. ^ The Incredible Hulk vol. 3, #13 (April 2000)
  15. ^ " Slight change of plan with Hulk ". peterdavid.net (September 30, 2004). Retrieved on 2007 - 11-05 .
  16. ^ The Incredible Hulk vol. 3, #81 (July 2005)
  17. ^ Peter David (July 18 2005). " My leaving "Hulk" ". The Incredible Hulk Message Board. Retrieved on 2005 - 08-28 .
  18. ^ a b Kaplan, Arie (2006). Masters of the Comic Book Universe Revealed! . Chicago, Illinois: Chicago Review Press, 263. ISBN 1-55652-633-4 . page 58
  19. ^ a b (May 1962) Incredible Hulk #1 . Page=8
  20. ^ (November 1962) Incredible Hulk #4 .
  21. ^ a b c Gresh, Lois; Robert Weinberg (2002). The Science of Superheroes . Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Son, Inc., 200. ISBN 0-471-46882-7 . page=27
  22. ^ Daniels, Les (1991). Marvel: Five Fabulous Decades of the World's Greatest Comics . New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 287. ISBN 0-8109-2566-4 .
  23. ^ Avengers #1-2
  24. ^ Marvel Feature #1-3 (Dec. 1971 - June 1972)
  25. ^ Tales to Astonish #60
  26. ^ http://www.ffwdweekly.com/listings/film/65183/
  27. ^ http://www.ffwdweekly.com/listings/film/65183/
  28. ^ Dave Hill, "Green with anger". Thursday July 17, 2003. The Guardian Accessed 2008-23-03. Archived 2008-23-03.
  29. ^ a b Wright, Bradford (2001). Comic Book Nation . Baltimore MD: John Hopkins University Press, 336. ISBN 0-8018-6514-X .
  30. ^ Incredible Hulk Vol. 2 #312
  31. ^ Incredible Hulk Vol. 2 #315
  32. ^ Incredible Hulk Vol. 2 #319
  33. ^ Incredible Hulk Vol. 2 #323
  34. ^ Incredible Hulk Vol. 2 #347
  35. ^ Incredible Hulk Vol. 2 #372
  36. ^ Incredible Hulk Vol. 2 #382
  37. ^ James Randerson, "Superman copycats 'risk health'" The Guardian , Wednesday May 17 2006. Accessed 2008-23-03. Archived 2008-23-03.
  38. ^ The Incredible Hulk vol. 3, #109 (Oct. 2007)
  39. ^ The Incredible Hulk vol. 3, #110 (Nov. 2007)
  40. ^ The Incredible Hulk vol. 3, #111 (Dec. 2007)
  41. ^ The Incredible Hulk vol. 2, #394 (June 1994)
  42. ^ Hulk, Skaar & Hercules
  43. ^ Incredible Hulk#77
  44. ^ http://www.marvel.com/universe/Hulk_%28Bruce_Banner%29
  45. ^ The Incredible Hulk vol. 3, #33 (Dec. 2001); The Incredible Hulk vol. 2, #254 (Dec. 1980)
  46. ^ Pisani, Joseph. " The Smartest Superheroes ". BusinessWeek . Retrieved on 2007 - 12-09 .
  47. ^ Choi, Charles Q. ( 2008 - 06-11 ). " Gamma Rays: The Incredible, Hulking Reality ". LiveScience . Retrieved on 2008 - 06-12 .
  48. ^ " Smash! " Accessed 2008-23-03. Archived 2008-23-03.
  49. ^ "Becoming The Hulk". The New Yorker , (New York); Jun 30, 2003; John Lahr; p. 072
  50. ^ "The Clash Of Symbols". Sunday Herald (Glasgow); Dec 23, 2007; Stephen Phelan; p. 42
  51. ^ Stefanie Diekmann. " Hero and superhero ". Saturday April 24, 2004, The Guardian . Accessed 2008-23-03. Archived 2008-23-03.
  52. ^ "Scoop of the month: when Naomi met Chávez". Tim Dowling. The Guardian , Tuesday January 8 2008.
  53. ^ Jonah Goldberg, " Spin City ". May 7, 2002 12:30 PM, National Review Online. Accessed 2008-23-03. Archived 2008-23-03.
  54. ^ The Simpsons . " I Am Furious Yellow ". 28 April 2002.
  55. ^ "Chitty Chitty Death Bang". Danny Smith (writer). Family Guy . Fox Broadcasting Company. 1999 - 04-18 . No. 3, season 1.
  56. ^ "The Young Ones: Summer Holiday (#2.6)" (1984)
  57. ^ "We love telly: We love soaps" The Daily Mirror (London); Feb 5, 2008; MAEVE QUIGLEY; p. 1
  58. ^ Gina Marchetti, " Hollywood Taiwan ". Film International ; Volume: 2; Issue: 6; Cover date: November 2004. Page(s): 42-51 Print ISSN: 1651-6826 doi: 10.1386/fiin.2.6.42 Accessed 2008-23-03. Archived 2008-23-03.
  59. ^ Jeff Yang, " Look ... Up in the sky! It's Asian Man! ". Thursday, June 1, 2006. SF Gate, San Francisco Chronicle published by Hearst Newspapers . Accessed 2008-23-03. Archived 2008-23-03.

[ edit ] References

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[ edit ] External links

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